Fig. 12.1 Four grades of leukoaraiosis according to Brant-Zawadzki’s classification in 4 different patients. Grade 1 a occasional frontal periventricular hyperintensities. Grade 2 b hyperintensities visible in the occipital horns. Grade…
Fig. 7.1 Cerebral vasculitis in a 50-year-old female with a history of TIA. MRI FLAIR sequence (a arrows): focal white matter hyperintensities. Left thalamic hypointensity on T2* sequence (b hollow arrow)…
Fig. 3.1 Right superficial middle cerebral artery infarction: hyperintense signal on diffusion-weighted imaging (a and b) with embolic material from irregular stenosis of the right carotid artery (c, cerebral MR angiography:…
Fig. 14.1 22-year-old female patient with left middle cerebral artery infarction and right hemiplegia and aphasia. The NIHSS score was 20. MRI performed 3 h after onset of symptoms shows abnormalities on…
Fig. 8.1 Sickle-cell anaemia in a 26-year-old male patient resulting in moyamoya syndrome. The TOF sequence shows bilateral terminal internal carotid artery occlusion (a hollow arrow, occluded right internal carotid artery)…
Fig. 13.1 Incidental finding on MRI (a FLAIR sequence) of numerous focal white matter hyperintensities in a 54-year-old female patient with no particular history investigated for nonspecific chronic headache. The patient…
Fig. 4.1 Patient who experienced cardiac arrest responsible for low output state. Cerebral ischaemia involving all border zones of the brain (1 border zone between anterior and middle cerebral arteries, 2…
Fig. 11.1 Arterial vascular anatomy of the spinal cord Pathophysiology Two types of spinal cord infarction are distinguished: Global ischaemia secondary to low cardiac output (cardiac arrest, severe hypotension in a…
Fig. 10.1 Acute phase of deep venous thrombosis (right thalamostriate vein). The FLAIR sequence (a) shows the venous infarction with very limited hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted images (c) related to predominantly vasogenic…
Fig. 6.1 Hyperintense lacunar infarct in the left lateral sulcus on diffusion-weighted images (a hollow arrow). It is associated with multiple lacunar infarct sequelae as “holes” in the brain parenchyma, hypointense…
