Gross and Microscopic Anatomy of the Cerebral Hemispheres
FIGURE 6.1 Lobes, sulci, and gyri of the lateral aspect of the cerebral hemisphere. The frontal and occipital lobes are finely stippled, the temporal lobe coarsely stippled, and the parietal…
Pathologic Reflexes
EHL, extensor hallucis longus. TABLE 40.2 Other Lower-Extremity Pathologic Reflexes TABLE 40.3 Other Upper-Extremity Pathologic Reflexes FCR, flexor carpi radials; MCP, metacarpophalangeal; PL, palmaris longus. The terms frontal release signs…
Sensory Localization
FIGURE 36.1 Some common patterns of sensory loss. A. Hemisensory loss due to a hemispheric lesion. B. Crossed sensory loss to pain and temperature due to a lateral medullary lesion….
The Examination in Coma
CHF, congestive heart failure; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; ETOH, ethanol; GI, gastrointestinal; GU, genitourinary; ICP, intracranial pressure; MI, myocardial infarction; RMSF, Rocky Mountain spotted fever; SAH, subarachnoid…
Other Musculoskeletal Disorders
FIGURE 48.1 Lippman’s test; moving the biceps tendon back and forth in the bicipital groove reproduces the pain in biceps tendonitis. (From Cipriano, JJ. Photographic Manual of Regional Orthopaedic and…
The Spinal Accessory Nerve
FIGURE 19.1 Relationship of the cranial and spinal portions of the accessory nerve to the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves. The major part of CN XI is the spinal portion (ramus…
The Autonomic Nervous System
FIGURE 45.1 General arrangement of the autonomic nervous system. The sympathetic components are shown in red, the parasympathetic component in blue. (From Snell R. Clinical Neuroanatomy. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters…
The Spinal Cord Level
FIGURE 24.1 The relationship of the spinal cord segments and spinal nerves to the vertebral bodies and spinous processes. In newborns, the spinal cord may extend as far caudally as…
Brainstem and Multiple Cranial Nerve Syndromes
CN, cranial nerve; CST, corticospinal tract; ICP, inferior cerebellar peduncle; LST, lateral spinothalamic tract; ML, medial lemniscus; PICA, posterior inferior cerebellar artery; SCM, sternocleidomastoid; ST, solitary tract. Wallenberg described the…
The Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves
FIGURE 18.1 Section through the medulla at the level of the inferior olivary nucleus. CN IX exits the skull through the jugular foramen, lateral and anterior to CNs X and…
