Chapter 12 Therapeutic ultrasound Tim Watson, Stephen R. Young CHAPTER CONTENTS Introduction179 Behaviour of ultrasound180 Ultrasound transmission180 Penetration and absorption of ultrasound energy181 Effects of ultrasound182 Thermal effects182 Non-thermal effects183…
Chapter 1 Introduction: current concepts and clinical decision making in electrotherapy Tim Watson CHAPTER CONTENTS Introduction 3 Current concepts in electrotherapy 5 Models of electrotherapy 5 Electrotherapeutic windows 6 Clinical…
Chapter 9 Heat and cold application Sheila Kitchen CHAPTER CONTENTS Introduction 125 Cold or heat? 125 Wet or dry? 126 Cold and heat 126 Cryotherapy (therapeutic cold) 126 The effects…
Chapter 8 Low-energy treatments: non-thermal or microthermal? Sheila Kitchen, Mary Dyson CHAPTER CONTENTS Introduction 115 Interactive targets 116 Plasma membrane 116 Intracellular membranes 117 Microtubules 118 Mitochondria 118 Ions 118…
13 Anatomy for Needle Electromyography Upper Extremity Median Nerve Abductor Pollicis Brevis (APB) (Figure 13–1A,B) Innervation: FIGURE 13–1 A. Abductor pollicis brevis insertion point. B. Cross-section anatomy*. †Adapted from: Gray’s…
39 Basics of Electricity and Electronics for Electrodiagnostic Studies In the office, hospital, and home, we are surrounded by equipment, appliances, and many other devices powered by electricity. Although knowledge…
10 Routine Upper Extremity, Facial, and Phrenic Nerve Conduction Techniques Median Motor Study (Figure 10–1) Recording Site: Abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle (lateral thenar eminence): G1 placed over the muscle…
16 Clinical–Electrophysiologic Correlations Overview and Common Patterns The value of information gained from electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies relies on correct data collection and, even more importantly, correct data interpretation. Mastering the…
26 Polyneuropathy Nerve conduction studies and electromyography (EMG) play key roles in the evaluation of patients with suspected polyneuropathy. Although polyneuropathy has hundreds of potential causes, they can be grouped…
