Surgical Techniques
Introduction Rather than write a ‘this is how I do it’ chapter, it seems more helpful to get under the skin of surgical techniques used specifically in neuromodulation, so to…
NEUROLOGY
Cerebral – Deep
Introduction The notion that functional brain disorders can be treated by modulating the activity of subcortical brain regions is as old as modern neurosurgery. Meyers is credited with performing the…
The Electrode – Principles of the Neural Interface: Axons and Cell Bodies
Introduction Therapeutic interventions with electrical stimulation of the nervous system have a long and successful history. The fundamental feature of clinical applications of neurostimulation is the interaction between the stimulating…
The Electrode – Materials and Configurations
Physical basis of the electrode/electrolyte interface When a metal electrode is placed inside a physiological medium, such as extracellular fluid (ECF), an interface is formed between the two phases. In…
Peripheral Nerve
Introduction One of the less common areas of neuromodulation, peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is probably its fastest growing direction, at least in the field of pain treatment. The approach, which…
Memantine : A Safe and Tolerable NMDA Antagonist with Potential Benefits in Traumatic Brain Injury
Abstract The potent neuroprotective properties of N -methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists have been well established in experimental models of neurological insults in which excitotoxicity is contributory. However, early clinical trials using…
Treatment of Mood Disorders Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Abstract Mood disorders secondary to traumatic brain injury (TBI) are a relatively common phenomenon. Having a strong understanding of the risk factors, diagnostic procedures, and currently available treatments strengthens clinicians’…
Docosahexaenoic Acid and Omega 3 Fatty Acids
Abstract Administration of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) is a biologically plausible, yet clinically untested, candidate therapeutic strategy to prevent or blunt neurologic disability after traumatic brain injury…
Interventional Drugs for TBI Rehabilitation of Cognitive Impairment : The Cholinesterase Inhibitor Rivastigmine
Abstract As it is increasingly clear that traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to cognitive problems, particularly posttraumatic memory and attention difficulties at different levels of severity ( ), leading to…
Carbonyl Scavenging as an Antioxidant Neuroprotective Strategy for Acute Traumatic Brain Injury
Abstract Reactive oxygen-induced lipid peroxidation (LP) has been documented to play a critical role in pathophysiology, neurodegeneration, and neurological disability that follows acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord…
