Figure 14.1 Parkinson’s disease Figure 14.2 Parkinson’s disease Causes The underlying cause of most cases of PD is not known and the term idiopathic PD is used to describe the…

Figure 5.1 Circle of Willis. Angiogram of circle of Willis (COW). Normal (right). Figure 5.2 Territories supplied by main cerebral arteries Figure 5.3 Infarction in territories of the main cerebral…

Figure 13.1 Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy Figure 13.2 Limb girdle muscular dystrophy Key points muscular dystrophies are uncommon in adults two main types, limb girdle and facioscapulohumeral the pattern of muscle weakness…

Figure 9.1 The reticular activating system Figure 9.2 Sites that produce loss of consciousness Figure 9.3 Sites that produce loss of consciousness Figure 9.4 Encephalopathy diffuse Table 9.1 Main disorders…

(all causes) 2 % @ 65 yrs33% >85 yrs 100% progressive loss of two or more intellectual functions (e.g. memory, language), sufficient to disrupt daily life Alzheimer’s disease 1.5% @…

Figure 3.1 Deaths caused by neurological disorders Disability Disability can be defined as a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities. Disabilities can be…

confusion/deliriumloss of communicationdysphagiaseizuresnausea/vomitingspasticitydyspnoeaimmobilityconstipation depressionfear anxietystigma/guilt loss of incomefear for children spouse & dependants religiousnon religiouswhy me? MAIN SYMPTOMS Pain Pain is defined as a subjective unpleasant sensory and emotional experience…

paracetamolibuprofenmetoclopramide/domperidone 300 mg tab, 2-3 tab/po/12 hourly500 mg tab, 2 tab/po/6 hourly2-400 mg tab, 1-2 tab/po/6-8 hourly10 mg tab, 1 tab/po/6-8 hourly bleedingnauseableedingdyskinesia Specific treatment Ergot derivativesergotamine tartratedihydroergotamine* 1 mg…