Figure 5B.1 B-mode (top) and color power Doppler (below) of plaques with different echogenicity. (A) A hyperechoic with acoustic shadow, irregular surface calcific plaque; (B) isoechoic, smooth surface fibrous plaque;…

Figure 9B.1 (A) Illuminated skull demonstrating transducer position over the temporal bone for axial planes. (B) T2-weighted MRI, coronal image, demonstrating five axial insonation planes (1 = midbrain, 2 =…

(MFV, SPR)Stenosis ≥70%(MFV, SPR)Diffuse disease or near occlusion(MFV, SPR)MCA≥ 100 cm/s, ≥2≥ 120cm/s, ≥3<30cm/s, <1ACA≥ 80 cm/s, ≥2n.a., ≥3<30cm/s, <1PCA≥ 80 cm/s, ≥2n.a., ≥3<30cm/s, <1BA≥ 90 cm/s, ≥2≥ 110 cm/s…

Figure 9C.1 Anatomy of the circle of Willis. A1, ACA: part 1 of anterior cerebral artery; A2, ACA: part 2 of anterior cerebral artery; ACoA: anterior communicating artery; BA: basilar…

Figure 9A.1 Cerebral arteries (basal view) and circle of Willis. 1 = Superior cerebellar artery; 2 = basilar artery; 3 = pontine branches; 4 = vertebral artery; 5 = anterior…

Figure 24.1 Bone windows with typical transducer positions applied for TCS. The orientation of transducer is indicated by a blue arrow (arrow head corresponding to left side on ultrasound screen)….

Figure 22.1 Sinuses and veins detectable by ultrasound: 1, deep middle cerebral vein; 2, middle cerebral artery; 3, anterior cerebral artery; 4, posterior cerebral artery; 5, basal vein of Rosenthal;…

Figure 23.1 Color-coded duplex sonography of three different segments of the internal jugular vein (IJV) using cross-sectional insonation planes: the smaller cranial segment lateral of the internal carotid artery (ICA)…

Figure 15.1 Arterial anatomy from the aorta to the arteries of the head. © CAT grafika. Internal carotid arteries (ICAs): these large arteries are the main branches of the common…

Figure 13.1 Real-time display of brain perfusion with low MI perfusion imaging of the brain on a Philips IU22 platform using a 1- to 5-MHz dynamic pulsed-array transducer. (A) The…