Hydrocephalus
4 Hydrocephalus Hydrocephalus means an increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cranial cavity. The term internal hydrocephalus implies an increased volume of CSF within the ventricular system, but…
NEUROLOGY
Choroid plexus neoplasms
40 Choroid plexus neoplasms CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS The choroid plexus (CP) is a specialized epithelium that secretes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and is sited in the ventricles of the brain. Most…
Neoplasms that spread to the CNS
46 Neoplasms that spread to the CNS Primary neoplasms of the skull and spine may impinge upon the CNS, and (primary) neoplasms in other organs may metastasize to the CNS,…
Paraneoplastic disorders
47 Paraneoplastic disorders Patients with a primary neoplasm remote from the CNS may develop neurologic symptoms and signs as a consequence of: Spread of the neoplasm to the nervous system…
Classification and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases
26 Classification and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases The neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by progressive dysfunction and death of neurons. The degeneration often affects specific systems, implying some form of selective…
Rickettsial and mycoplasma infections
14 Rickettsial and mycoplasma infections RICKETTSIAE Although historically an important cause of human infection (epidemic typhus was responsible for over three million deaths in Russia between 1915 and 1925), rickettsiae…
Limb–Girdle Dystrophies
Diagnostic Approach Although, per definition, LGMDs are characterized by a common clinical phenotype of predominantly proximal muscle weakness, there is enormous variability in clinical presentation, course and progression of symptoms,…
Brachial and Lumbosacral Plexopathies
2Vancouver Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Brachial Plexopathy Brachial Plexus Anatomy The brachial plexus is a complex network of nerve fibers that supply the upper limb (Figure 28.1). The ventral…
Muscle Channelopathies
Presentations and Diagnostic Tests Myotonia and Paramyotonia Myotonia is the phenomenon of delayed muscle relaxation after contraction. It is experienced by patients as stiffness, cramp, or locking of muscles. Stiffness…
Approach to Diseases of the Neuromuscular Junction
tips and tricks “Listen to the patient, son. He’s trying to tell you his diagnosis.” “Doctors diagnose a patient within the first 18 seconds of speaking with them.” Jerome Groopman:…
