, Peter O. Newton2, 3  , Christine L. Farnsworth2 and Kevin Parvaresh3 (1) Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA (2) Division of Orthopedics, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, San Diego, CA,…

Fig. 40.1 (a) Thoracolumbar scoliosis and (b) concurrent sagittal plane deformity in a 4-year-old male patient who was treated with uninstrumented anterior convex growth arrest. Four-year follow-up radiographs show almost…

Orthopedic biomaterial Modulus of elasticity Ceramic 400 Co-Cr alloys 210 Stainless steel 190 TAV (Ti-6Al-4 V) 110 Tendon 50 Cortical bone 12–24 PMMA bone cement 2.2 Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene…

Role of nonoperative management Curves become large at a young age Brace early or not at all; avoid in low-yield situations Comprehensive imaging Image entire spine MRI before surgery in…

Fig. 15.1 Congenital spinal malformations; disordered embryogenesis during formation of neural tube from neural ectoderm results with myelomeningocele, while different forms of occult dysraphism may occur due to mesodermal disarrangement…

Fig. 22.1 SPECT 22.3.2 Muscle Strain Muscle strains are a common cause of back pain in the pediatric and adolescent athlete. They have been estimated to occur in 27 %…

Disorder and OMIM link Pathophysiology and inheritance Typical features Treatment Association with spinal deformity Rickets like disorders      Vitamin D-deficient rickets Vitamin D deficiency from poor dietary intact, often breastfed,…

Neuropathic  Upper motor neuron   Cerebral palsy   Spinocerebellar degeneration   Friedreich ataxia   Charcot–Marie–Tooth   Roussy–Levy   Syringomyelia   Spinal cord tumor   Spinal cord trauma  Lower motor neuron   Poliomyelitis and other viral myelitides   Traumatic   Spinal muscle…

Fig. 55.1 A representative case highlighting difficulty and variability in decision-making in patients with early-onset scoliosis. Members of the Children’s Spine Foundation exhibited significant inter- and intra-observer variability in treatment…

Fig. 35.1 A 17-year-old female with painful “adding on” below prior posterior selective thoracic spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Following the index surgery, she experienced progressive spinal deformity and…