22 Microsurgical and Endoscopic Anatomy of the Parasellar Region Carolina Martins, Alexandre Yasuda, Alvaro Campero, Luiz Felipe de Alencastro, Kohei Inoue, and Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. Tips and Pearls •…

2 Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinuses Carolina Martins, Luiz Felipe de Alencastro, Alberto Carlos Capel Cardoso, Alvaro Campero, Alexandre Yasuda, Jian Wang, Luiz Carlos de Alencastro, and…

35 Transmaxillary Endoscopic Approach to Contralateral Parasellar Lesions Luiz Felipe de Alencastro, Luiz Carlos de Alencastro, Carolina Martins, Ademir Lodetti, Alberto Carlos Capel Cardoso, Mario Faria, Kohei Inoue, Shigeyuki Osawa,…

42 Microendoscopic Anatomy of the Craniocervical Junction Alberto Carlos Capel Cardoso, Roger S. Brock, Carolina Martins, Luiz Felipe de Alencastro, and Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. Tips and Pearls •  Anatomical…

48 The History and Future of Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery Wolfgang Draf In all specialties dealing with the sinuses located deep in the body, tubes and cavities have been needed…

15 Anatomy of the Orbit and Related Structures Helder Tedeschi and Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. Tips and Pearls •  Perform a thorough preoperative radiologic investigation of the orbital walls, as…

31 Endoscopic Transethmoid-Pterygoid-Sphenoid Approach Davide Locatelli, Ilaria Acchiardi, Matteo Vitali, Frank Rikki Canevari, and Paolo Castelnuovo Tips and Pearls •  The “diving” technique is a technique we have used since…

33 Endoscopic Surgery for Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Paolo Castelnuovo, Andrea Pistochini, Francesca Simoncello, Ignazio Ermoli, Andrea Bolzoni Villaret, and Piero Nicolai Tips and Pearls •  Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) typically…

1 Anatomical Basis of Skull Base Surgery: Skull Osteology Carolina Martins, Alvaro Campero, Alexandre Yasuda, Luiz Felipe de Alencastro, Shigeyuki Osawa, and Albert L. Rhoton, Jr. Tips and Pearls •…