14 Minimally Invasive Instrumentation, Correction, and Fusion of Primary Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Scoliosis GEORGE D. PICETTIIII AND MICHAEL YEE Endoscopic spine surgery has made many advances and improvements, from its…
17 Thoracoscopic Decompression and Fixation (MACSTL) RAJU S. V. BALABHADRA, DANIEL H. KIM, MICHAEL POTULSKI, AND RUDOLF BEISSE Thoracoscopic techniques have long been used by thoracic surgeons, who have had…
10 Thoracoscopic Diskectomy J. PATRICK JOHNSON AND CRYSTAL D. ROGERS Thoracoscopic diskectomy procedures emerged with technical advances in endoscopy and digital video imaging in the early 1990s, described as video-assisted…
24 Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion FAHEEM A. SANDHU AND RICHARD G. FESSLER After 45 years of experience with lumbar spine surgery, Cloward,1,2 the first surgeon to successfully perform…
9 Endoscopic Posterior Fixation of the Cervical Spine LARRY T. KHOO, MICHAEL Y. WANG, AND TOORAJ GRAVORI Several internal fixation techniques have been developed for the posterior fixation of the…
29 Percutaneous Vertebroplasty for Painful Vertebral Body Compression Fractures HUY M. DO AND BRIAN S. KIM Approximately 700,000 vertebral fractures associated with osteoporosis occur each year.1 As a result of…
32 Nucleoplasty CURTIS W. SLIPMAN AND ZACHARIA ISAAC In 1934, Mixter and Barr1 publicized the potential and probable link between a herniated nucleus pulposus and radicular pain. Their study provided…
35 Robotic Endoscopic Spine Surgery DAVID LE, RUSSELL WOO, AND DANIEL H. KIM Innovations in endoscopic technique and equipment continue to broaden the range of applications in spine surgery; however,…
8 Microendoscopic Cervical Laminectomy and Laminoplasty MICK J. PEREZ-CRUET, MICHAEL Y. WANG, AND DINO SAMARTZIS Compression of the spinal cord from cervical spondylosis was first described in 1911 by Bailey…
25 Percutaneous Translaminar Facet Screw Fixation JOHN S. THALGOTTAND JAMES M. GIUFFRE Translaminar facet screws (TLFSs), invented by Magerl for posterior stabilization, were first described by Montesano et al in…
