Fig. 25.1 Sporadic, solitary gastric NET with lymph node metastasis removed by gastric resection (From Åkerstrom et al. [12]) Two thirds of type 3 tumours have infiltrated the muscularis layer…
Fig. 8.1 Adrenocortical carcinoma. A 39-year-old lady presented with Cushing’s syndrome and right-sided flank pain. (a) Ultrasound showed a large solid right suprarenal mass (between calipers) abutting the liver, with…
Fig. 19.1 (a) Colon NEC with a Ki-67 index of 30 %. (b) Colon NEC with a Ki-67 index of 90 % NEC encompasses mainly two histological entities: small-cell neuroendocrine…
Fig. 10.1 Bronchoscopic visualization of intrabronchial typical carcinoid 10.3.2.2 Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry Typical carcinoids are characterized by organoid, trabecular, insular, palisading, ribbon, or rosette-like growth patterns separated by a fibrovascular…
Syndrome Gene HNPGL sPGL PCC Multiple PGL Bilateral PCC Malignancy risk Parentof origin preference MEN2 RET Extremely rare − ++ − ++ ± − VHL VHL Rare + ++ +…
1 Neuroendocrine tumour, NET G1 (carcinoid) 2 Neuroendocrine tumour, NET G2 3 Neuroendocrine carcinoma, NEC (small- or large-cell type) 4 Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma, MANEC 5 Hyperplastic and preneoplastic lesions Adapted…
Biomarkers Specificity CgA, CgB, pancreastatin H PP, NSE, neurokinin, neurotensin I HCG-α, HCG-β L The chromogranin family and pancreatic polypeptide, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and alpha HCG constitute general markers for…
Tumors Frequency % 10-year survival (%) Papillary carcinoma 80 93 Classic papillary Follicular variant Macrofollicular variant Oncocytic variant Clear cell variant Diffuse sclerosing variant Solid variant Cribriform carcinoma Papillary carcinoma…
Inappropriate hypergastrinemia – gastric pH <2 Gastrinoma/Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Helicobacter pylori antral predominate Retained gastric antrum Gastric outlet obstruction Short bowel syndrome Appropriate hypergastrinemia – associated with hypochlorhydria Pernicious anemia Chronic…
Fig. 16.1 (a, b) Microscopic appearances of ampullary somatostatinoma. Haematoxylin and eosin staining (left) and strongly positive immunostaining with somatostatin (right) (ANNALS IMAGE) Psammoma bodies (round collections of calcium that…
