Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system Uremic encephalopathy Seizures Cognitive Impairment/dementia/delirium Cerebrovascular disease Intracerebral hemorrhage Cerebral micro-bleeds Cerebral infarction Silent cerebral infarction White matter lesions Dialysis encephalopathy/dementia Dialysis-induced abnormalities Dialysis…
Fig. 33.1 Schematic representation of different mechanisms thought to be implicated in the pathogenesis of autism Metabolic Insights in ASD In 1966, Dohan postulated that schizophrenia is the cause of…
Fig. 22.1 Features and problems encountered in old age High levels of potentially inappropriate prescribing of psychotropic medicines, in particular antipsychotics and sedatives, continue to be highlighted in Australia, especially…
Fig. 25.1 Major steps of GABAergic interneuron maturation and neurotransmission Inhibition carried out by GABAergic interneurons is low during neurodevelopment, and acquires adult features in late adolescence or early adulthood…
Fig. 23.1 (a) Focused attention task. The child is asked to find the three differences between each stimulus and the model. (b) Working memory task. The child is asked to…
Fig. 11.1 Neural crest migration and schizophrenia. Schematic figure showing the dynamics in Nedd9 expression in trunk premigratory and migratory neural crest cells (NCCs) which, being induced by dermamyotome-derived retinoic…
Fig. 35.1 Effect of substances on the central nervous system. The effect of the different substances varies according to the dose and the time of consumption/exposure, as well as with…
© Springer International Publishing AG 2017Pascual Ángel Gargiulo and Humberto Luis Mesones-Arroyo (eds.)Psychiatry and Neuroscience Update – Vol. II10.1007/978-3-319-53126-7_34 34. Update on Dementia. Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. DSM-IV versus DSM-V Rose E. Nina-Estrella1 (1) Department of Pharmacology,…
Fig. 29.1 Schematic representation of purine metabolism and different sources of extracellular adenosine. The intracellular ATP could be catabolized into adenosine, which can be further metabolized into inosine and hypoxanthine…
Pharmacol. type Metabotropic Ionotropica Common denomination Muscarinic Nicotinic Subtype M2, M4 M1 (50–60% of the total mAChRs), M3, M5 Hetero-pentameric (α4 and β2 subunits) Homo-pentameric receptor (only α7 subunits)b Hetero-pentameric…
