Examination of the General Somatosensory System
Nature, indeed has had a triple end in view in the distribution of nerves: she wished to give sensibility to organs of perception, movement to organs of locomotion, and to…
Examination for Cerebellar Dysfunction
But how great was his apprehension, when he farther understood, that [the force of parturition] acting upon the very vertex of the head, not only injured the brain itself, or…
Ancillary Neurodiagnostic Procedures—Lumbar Puncture and Neuroimaging
We have instruments of precision in increasing numbers with which we and our hospital assistants at untold expense make tests and take observations, the vast majority of which are but…
Examination of the Central Ocular Motor Systems
TABLE 5-1 • The Five Major Eye-Movement Systems System Function or characteristic Saccadic system Produces all volitional movements and the fast phase of reflex eye movements (frontal lobe) Fixation (position…
Clinical and Laboratory Tests to Distinguish Conversion Disorder (Functional Neurologic Symptom Disorder) from Organic Disease
Much will be gained if we succeed in transforming your hysterical misery into common unhappiness. —Sigmund Freud (1856–1939) I. THE GENERAL CLINICAL FEATURES OF CONVERSION DISORDER (FUNCTIONAL NEUROLOGIC SYMPTOM DISORDER) A. Definition…
A Synopsis of the Neurologic Investigation and a Formulary of Neurodiagnosis
In clinical situations there are three principal factors that can legitimately influence the decision making process. These are: 1. The scientific evidence 2. The practitioner’s clinical experience 3. The practical…
Minimally Invasive Spinal Fusion Procedures
29 Minimally Invasive Spinal Fusion Procedures Mark P. Kuper, Mark C. Valente, William R. Taylor, and Choll W. Kim Conventional open spinal approaches require extensive dissections to allow for the…
Spinal Fusion: Anterior Approach
27 Spinal Fusion: Anterior Approach Selvon St. Clair and Isador H. Lieberman The technique of spinal arthrodesis was first described by Albee1 in 1911 for the treatment of Pott disease…
Postoperative Rehabilitation of Lumbar Spine Patients
31 Postoperative Rehabilitation of Lumbar Spine Patients Lawrence W. Frank Postoperative rehabilitation of lumbar spine patients seems like an intuitively good idea. However, the details of rehabilitation programs are a…
Spinal Fusion: Posterior Approaches
26 Spinal Fusion: Posterior Approaches E. Andrew Stevens and Charles L. Branch Jr. Damage and degeneration of the lumbar disc can be the result of aging, activity, and trauma. Biochemical…
