Dog Blunt tip electrodes Electrode exposure [mm] Separation distance [mm] Voltage [V] Total pulses 1 Single 7 and 5.3 8 1,600 9 × 10 2 Dual 5 5 1,000 9 × 10 3 Dual…
Fig. 31.1 CyberKnife Stereotactic Radiosurgery utilizes a noninvasive technique of imaging the patient, including lesion and critical structures, with several x-ray cameras to deliver the radiation dose precisely to the…
Fig. 28.1 The CyberKnife®. A robotic arm points the lightweight 6 MV LINAC to the target. Real-time image guidance based on X-ray imaging (cameras mounted on ceiling, detectors to either…
Fig. 29.1 Non isocentric treatment planning delivering staged image-guided radiosurgery using a Cyberknife G4 model to a right ONMS presenting with visual failure in a 28 year old woman. It…
Fig. 22.1 Electroporation (a) By application of brief electric pulses it is possible to transiently permeabilise the cell membrane (electroporation). This allows free passage of molecules to the cell cytosol…
Lesion Overall endocrinopathy Diabetes insipidus Panhypopituitarism Craniopharyngioma 56–83 % 4–37 % 24–42 % Rathke’s cleft cyst 66–70 % 0–13 % 0–11 % Arachnoid cyst 50–60 % Case reports Case reports…
No Significant hemorrhage Other complications Subsequent microsurgical excision Subsequent adjunctive therapies High grades gliomas VL 1 1 1 3rd V 4 1 3 Low grades gliomas VL 2 2 …
Fig. 30.1 An example of a cerebellar metastasis treated with 18 Gy in a single fraction, and the 18 Gy isodose line in yellow conforms around the target. Despite a…
Fig. 18.1 Case 1 (a–f): Preoperative axial (a), coronal (b) and sagittal (c) T1 weighted contrast MRI showing a giant adenoma with moderate suprasellar extension and almost complete filling of…
Fig. 24.1 General schematic of cellular GSH biosynthesis, utilization, export, and salvage. Glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis requires two ATP-dependent reactions: the glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL)-mediated formation of γ-glutamylcysteine (γGC) from glutamate…
