Anatomy and Neurophysiology
2 Anatomy and Neurophysiology The electromyographer need not have detailed knowledge of all the electrical and chemical events that occur at a molecular level in order to perform an electrodiagnostic…
Basic Statistics for Electrodiagnostic Studies
9 Basic Statistics for Electrodiagnostic Studies For every electrodiagnostic (EDX) test performed, one needs to decide if the study is normal or abnormal. That determination often needs to be made…
Sciatic Neuropathy
33 Sciatic Neuropathy Sciatic neuropathies are uncommon in the electromyography (EMG) laboratory. When they occur, patients often present in a manner similar to that of peroneal neuropathy. Indeed, a footdrop…
Femoral Neuropathy
23 Femoral Neuropathy Isolated lesions of the femoral nerve are uncommon in the electromyography (EMG) laboratory. More common are lesions of the lumbar plexus or L2–L4 nerve roots, which may…
Proximal Median Neuropathy
18 Proximal Median Neuropathy Proximal median neuropathy is distinctly uncommon compared with median entrapment at the carpal tunnel. Differentiating between median neuropathy at the wrist and more proximal entrapments can…
Approach to Pediatric Electromyography
38 Approach to Pediatric Electromyography In conjunction with the clinical examination, electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies frequently play a key role in the evaluation of neuromuscular disorders in infants and children. Indeed,…
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
24 Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Patients with pain and numbness in the foot often are referred to the electromyography (EMG) laboratory for evaluation of possible tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS). TTS results…
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and its Variants
27 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and its Variants Electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies play a central role in the evaluation of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common of all motor…
Late Responses
4 Late Responses Nerve conduction studies are most often used to assess distal nerve segments, with routine stimulation seldom done above the elbow or knee. Few studies can be easily…
Repetitive Nerve Stimulation
6 Repetitive Nerve Stimulation The use of repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) dates back to the late 1800s, when Jolly made visual observations of muscle movement that occurred after nerve stimulation….
