Fig. 4.1 Electrodes used for microelectrode recording (MER). (a) MER performed using the electrode tip (arrowhead) as the recording electrode and the tip of the outer sheath (arrow) as the…

Fig. 9.1 Microelectrode recording of Vim and electromyogram of tremor in 60-year-old male with tremor-dominant Parkinson’s disease. (a) Schematic presentation of trajectory to Vim in Schaltenbrand–Wahren atlas (1977) at 12…

and Toru Itakura2 (1) Department of Neurological Surgery, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan (2) Department of Neurological Surgery, Koyo Hospital, Wakayama, Japan   6.1 Introduction Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is…

Fig. 1.1 Basal ganglia. Human basal ganglia shown in a frontal section and in a lateral view (inset). The basal ganglia receive cortical inputs and return processed information to the…

Fig. 7.1 Postoperative radiograph example of subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS). (a, b) Skull X-ray demonstrates electrode leads for STN-DBS (white arrow). (c) Chest X-ray demonstrates implantable pulse generators in…

  Complications related to surgical procedure Intracranial hemorrhage Epilepsy Air embolism Follett KA n = 299 2 – – Deuschl G n = 78 3.8 – – Kleiner-Fisman G n = 921 3.9 1.5 – PahwaR…

Study Type No. of patients Seizure type Follow up Stimulation parameters Resultsa SANTE Multi-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial 108 Partial onset 3 months (blinded) 145 Hz, 1 min on, 5…

Fig. 3.1 Postural abnormality of a patient with Parkinson’s disease. The elbows, hips, and knees are flexed; the trunk is bent forward; and the arms are held in front of…