Fig. 34.1 (a) The intermuscular plane is opened from L2 through sacrum. The common tendon of multifidus is seen inserting to the superior articular process at each segment. The longissimus…

, Michelle M. Falcone2, Michael Y. Wang2 and Steven Wu1 (1) Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (2) Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Jackson Memorial Hospital,…

(1) Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA   Abstract Minimally invasive surgical techniques have grown in popularity in recent years due to the theoretical advantages of smaller incisions, reduced muscle…

Fig. 24.1 Schematic drawing of the lumbar plexus from the lateral view (Courtesy of Dr. Juan S. Uribe) A number of cadaveric studies have detailed the anatomy of the lumbar…

and Juan S. Uribe1   (1) University South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA     Juan S. Uribe Email: juansuribe@gmail.com Abstract Many factors are involved in the surgical management of adult spinal deformity, including maintenance of…

  Anatomical Resection Description Surgical approach Modifiers Grade 1 Partial Facet Joint Resection of the inferior facet and joint capsule at a given spinal level A/P (anterior soft tissue release…

Fig. 20.1 Preferential access routes to the interbody space at varying spinal segments Lateral – Open lateral approaches have been used for decades to access the mid-lumbar spine. Originally used…

Fig. 27.1 Serial dilators and the retractor itself are each inserted utilizing EMG neuromonitoring to detect nerve proximity and location thus minimizing the risk of neural injury during psoas transgression…

Fig. 35.1 Intraoperative fluoroscopic image of K-wire insertion into the pedicle and vertebral body with overlying dilator Fig. 35.2 Fluoroscopic image of screw placement after facet fusion Fig. 35.3 Intraoperative…

Fig. 25.1 Standing Anteriorposterior and Lateral Scoliosis x-rays showing coronal and sagittal decompensation Fig. 25.2 Axial T2 Weighted slice through lumbar segment to illustrate position of the psoas 25.4 Concave…