Chapter 10 Sleep and Respiratory Physiology Chapter Points • Mechanisms of hypoxemia include high altitude, hypoventilation, mismatch, and shunt. • If hypoxemia is due to hypoventilation alone, the A-a gradient [alveolar PO2…
Chapter 19 Positive Airway Pressure Treatment Chapter Points • PAP is the treatment of choice for patients with moderate to severe OSA and is an option in symptomatic patients with mild…
Chapter 26 Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders Chapter Points • In humans, the normal circadian period (tau) is approximately 24.2 hours (mean value). Because the period is slightly longer than 24 hours,…
Chapter 22 Sleep and Obstructive Lung Disease Chapter Points • Patients with COPD may experience NOD without discrete apneas and hypopneas. • In COPD, the NOD is worse during REM sleep. • NOD…
Chapter 11 Cardiac Monitoring during Polysomnography Chapter Points • Score sinus tachycardia during sleep for a sustained heart rate > 90 bpm for adults. • Score sinus bradycardia during sleep for a sustained…
Chapter 21 Central Sleep Apnea and Hypoventilation Syndromes Chapter Points • Hypocapnic CSA occurs because the PaCO2 falls below the AT. The propensity for this type of central apnea to occur…
Chapter 8 Monitoring Respiration—Technology and Techniques Chapter Points • The recommended sensor to detect apnea is a nasal-oral (oronasal) thermal device. • The recommended sensor to detect hypopnea is the NP signal…
Chapter 3 Sleep Staging in Adults Chapter Points • The AASM scoring manual uses new nomenclature for wake and sleep (stages W, N1, N2, N3, and R). Stage N3 replaces stages…
Chapter 12 Monitoring of Limb Movements and Other Movements during Sleep Chapter Points • A significant LM has a duration from 0.5 to 10 seconds and a minimum amplitude 8 µV above…
Chapter 27 Clinical Electroencephalography and Nocturnal Epilepsy Chapter Points • Nocturnal epilepsy can be difficult to differentiate from parasomnias because some patients have seizures only at night, scalp EEG findings may…
