The Localization of Lesions Affecting the Cerebral Hemispheres Lesion localization in the cerebral hemispheres relies on the understanding of the function of different portions of the cerebral cortex. Initially, hemispheric…
Visual Pathways Anatomy of the Visual System The Retina The retina extends anteroposteriorly from the ora serrata to the optic disc, which corresponds to the attachment of the optic nerve,…
The Localization of Lesions Affecting the Ocular Motor System Abnormalities of ocular motility serve as valuable signposts for the localization of lesions of the cerebral hemispheres, brainstem, cranial nerves, and…
Peripheral Nerves Principal Signs and Symptoms of Peripheral Nerve Disease Disorders affecting mixed peripheral nerves cause various symptoms and signs corresponding, in anatomic distribution, to regions supplied by each nerve….
The Localization of Lesions Causing Coma Most causes of coma speedily threaten life or recovery of neurological function. Thus, they must be promptly identified and treated. Unfortunately, patients with a…
Spinal Cord Anatomy of the Spinal Cord Gross Anatomy and Relationship to Vertebral Levels Anchored to the dura by the dentate (denticulate) ligaments, the spinal cord [15,18,22,29,36] extends from the…
Vascular Syndromes of the Forebrain, Brainstem, and Cerebellum Arterial Blood Supply The aortic arch gives rise to three major vessels: the brachiocephalic, the left common carotid, and the left subclavian…
Localization of Lesions in the Autonomic Nervous System Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System This section considers only the general anatomic principles of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that should…
The Cerebellum Anatomy of the Cerebellum The cerebellum (Fig. 16.1 A and B), derived from the somatic afferent portion of the alar plate (rhombic lip), acts as a monitor or…
The Anatomic Localization of Lesions in the Thalamus Functional Anatomy of the Thalamus The paired thalamic nuclei are egg-shaped structures of gray matter located on both sides of the third…
