Neupsy Key

The Anatomic Localization of Lesions in the Thalamus Functional Anatomy of the Thalamus The paired thalamic nuclei are egg-shaped structures of gray matter located on both sides of the third…

Brainstem In rostrocaudal order, the brainstem consists of three subdivisions, the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. Extending the entire length of the brainstem, any cross section demonstrates three laminae: the…

Basal Ganglia Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia Basal ganglia (Fig. 19.1) include the corpus striatum, the substantia nigra (pars compacta and a pars reticularis), the subthalamic nucleus of Luys, and…

Cranial Nerve V (The Trigeminal Nerve) Anatomy of Cranial Nerve V (Trigeminal Nerve) The trigeminal nerve is a mixed nerve that provides sensory innervation to the face and mucous membranes…

General Principles of Neurologic Localization Introduction Fittingly, a book on localization in clinical neurology should begin with a chapter explaining what the term localization means. Localization derives from the Latin…

Cranial Nerve VII (The Facial Nerve) Anatomy of Cranial Nerve VII (Facial Nerve) Cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) (Fig. 10.1) is a mixed nerve with both motor and sensory…

Cranial Nerve XI (The Spinal Accessory Nerve) Anatomy of Cranial Nerve XI (Spinal Accessory Nerve) This purely motor nerve (Fig. 13.1) [8,51] originates partly from the medulla (cranial part or…

Cranial Nerve XII (The Hypoglossal Nerve) Anatomy of Cranial Nerve XII (The Hypoglossal Nerve) The hypoglossal nerve is the motor nerve of the tongue [5]. Its fibers arise from the…

Cranial Nerve VIII (The Vestibulocochlear Nerve) Anatomy of Cranial Nerve VIII The eighth cranial nerve consists of two separate functional components: the auditory (cochlear) nerve concerned with hearing and the…

Cranial Nerves IX and X (The Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves) Anatomy of Cranial Nerve IX (Glossopharyngeal Nerve) The glossopharyngeal nerve contains motor, sensory, and parasympathetic fibers. The nerve emerges from…