Vascular Dementias
Vascular Dementias Nikolaos Scarmeas INTRODUCTION During much of the 20th century, it was assumed that most dementia of the elderly was vascular in origin, an assumption challenged during the last…
Lewy Body Dementias
Lewy Body Dementias Sarah C. Janicki Karen S. Marder INTRODUCTION Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson disease dementia (PDD) share many clinical and pathologic features. They are therefore discussed…
Frontotemporal Dementia
Frontotemporal Dementia Edward D. Huey Stephanie Cosentino INTRODUCTION Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is the most common clinical presentation of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). Two main FTD phenotypes are seen. One form…
Alzheimer Disease
Alzheimer Disease Lawrence S. Honig Scott A. Small Richard Mayeux INTRODUCTION The most common dementia is Alzheimer disease. The disease was first named by Emil Kraepelin in 1910, after Alois…
Mild Cognitive Impairment
Mild Cognitive Impairment Lawrence S. Honig INTRODUCTION Cognitive complaints are common in the population. In many such cases, history and examination reveal significant impairment in more than one cognitive domain…
Central Nervous System Vasculitis
Central Nervous System Vasculitis Fawaz Al-Mufti Stephan A. Mayer INTRODUCTION Vasculitis affecting the central or peripheral nervous system often presents major diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for physicians because of its…
Traumatic Cranial and Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Traumatic Cranial and Peripheral Nerve Injuries Jennifer F. Russo Charles B. Mikell Christopher J. Winfree INTRODUCTION Traumatic injury to peripheral nerves is associated with significant disability and decreased quality of…
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Christopher E. Mandigo Michael G. Kaiser Peter D. Angevine INTRODUCTION Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a sudden event with possibly catastrophic effects that may create…
Traumatic Brain Injury
Traumatic Brain Injury Neeraj Badjatia Gunjan Y. Parikh Stephan A. Mayer EPIDEMIOLOGY Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a modern scourge of industrialized society. It is a major cause of death,…
Concussion
Concussion James M. Noble John F. Crary INTRODUCTION Concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury that has been recognized for centuries as an entity in accidents, battle, and sport. The…
