Brain Abscess 79.1.1 Overview Intraparenchymal abscesses require early diagnosis and intervention to minimize morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population. Because of the wide variety of potential pathogens, microbiological evidence through…
Relevant Anatomy and Biomechanics The occipitoatlantoaxial complex is the most mobile and complex joint of the axial skeleton.2 Flexion and extension occur at the occipitoatlantal and the atlantoaxial articulations (▶…
Craniofacial Syndromes Richard Hayward The craniofacial syndromes are a heterogeneous group of rare conditions in which premature suture closure (craniosynostosis) occurs alongside other manifestations of disordered craniofacial development,1 as well…
Congenital Intracranial Malformations Jonathan D. Bui and Tien T. Nguyen Congenital malformations of the brain comprise a large and diverse set of anomalies that result in a wide range of…
Cavernous and Venous Malformations Edward R. Smith and R. Michael Scott Vascular malformations of the central nervous system (CNS) are a heterogeneous group of lesions that occur in both the…
The Phakomatoses Robert P. Naftel and Ian F. Pollack The term phakomatosis was first coined by ophthalmologist Jan van der Hoeve in 1920 to compare similarities between neurofibromatosis and tuberous…
Neurofibromatosis is a descriptive term that was coined by Frederick von Recklinghausen in 1882 to characterize the cutaneous tumors of two patients that were thought to be composed of a…
Tuberculosis The tide appears to be turning against tuberculosis (TB) once again; although there were 8 million new cases worldwide in 2010, with 1.1 million deaths in HIV-negative patients and…
Ependymomas Scott D. Wait, Michael Taylor, and Frederick A. Boop Ependymoma is the third most common pediatric brain tumor, following medulloblastoma and astrocytoma in incidence. Pediatric neurosurgeons play an important…
Intracranial and Extracranial Hematomas in Children Anthony Figaji There are many causes of intracranial and extracranial hematomas in children; this chapter focuses on the most common and the most relevant…
