Sleep–Wake Disorders
Chapter 66 Sleep–Wake Disorders* Suresh Kotagal Complaints about insufficient or nonrestorative sleep are quite common in childhood and adolescence. In a questionnaire survey of 332 children of 11 through 15…
Mitochondrial Diseases
Chapter 37 Mitochondrial Diseases Darryl C. De Vivo, Salvatore DiMauro Introduction Mitochondrial diseases represent one of the most exciting chapters of modern medicine. Knowledge of mitochondria and the relationship of…
Metabolic Myopathies
Chapter 94 Metabolic Myopathies Ingrid Tein Utilization of Bioenergetic Substrates in Exercise Defects of energy metabolism may profoundly disrupt the function of muscle and other highly energy-dependent tissues, such as…
Peroxisomal Disorders
Chapter 38 Peroxisomal Disorders Gerald V. Raymond, Kristin W. Baranano, S. Ali Fatemi Disorders of the peroxisome – organelles found in all eukaryotic cells – are characterized by alterations in…
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Chapter 47 Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder David E. Mandelbaum Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been described as the most common neurobehavioral disorder in childhood [Cantwell, 1996]. Prevailing opinion characterizes ADHD as…
Spinal Cord Injury
Chapter 78 Spinal Cord Injury N. Paul Rosman, Chellamani Harini Epidemiology Acute spinal cord injury occurs worldwide, with an annual incidence of 5–40 cases per million. The greatest frequency of…
Prenatal Diagnosis of Structural Brain Anomalies
Chapter 29 Prenatal Diagnosis of Structural Brain Anomalies Tally Lerman-Sagie, Gustavo Malinger, Liat Ben-Sira Introduction The fetal brain develops during the course of pregnancy, from its primitive three-vesicle stage into…
Paraneoplastic Syndromes Affecting the Nervous System
Chapter 84 Paraneoplastic Syndromes Affecting the Nervous System Mustafa Khasraw, Yasmin Khakoo Introduction Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes (PNS) may be the presenting symptom of cancer [Tuzun and Dalmau, 2007]. The disorders…
Cerebral Palsy
Chapter 69 Cerebral Palsy Kenneth F. Swaiman, Yvonne W. Wu Definition and Clinical Characterization Cerebral palsy is defined as “a group of disorders of the development of movement and posture,…
Neurologic Examination of the Older Child
Chapter 2 Neurologic Examination of the Older Child Kenneth F. Swaiman As it is usually feasible to perform a more rigorous examination of older children, detailed discussion of the conventional…
