Craniovertebral junction (CVJ) is the region around the skull base and the upper cervical spine (atlas and axis), along with its neurovascular components, including the brain stem, spinal cord, vertebral…
The cervical spine is a complex bony and ligamentous region divided anatomically into the subaxial spine (C3–C7) and the occipitocervical junction (occiput to C2). 1 Deformities that affect the cervical…
The majority of cervical deformities in adults are kyphotic, and such sagittal plane deformities can produce pronounced symptoms and significant disability. Cervical deformity may result from a number of pathologies…
Upper thoracic osteotomy, which is less common than cervical and thoracolumbar osteotomy, can be performed for correction of cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) kyphosis and proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) after thoracolumbar fusion….
Description of Cervical Osteotomy Classification System The cervical osteotomy classification system provides a common nomenclature to more effectively and objectively communicate the type of surgical resection(s) performed. It is not…
Cervical spine deformity can cause significant disability and have negative impact on the quality of life. Patients with deformity in the cervical spine can often present with neck pain, myelopathy,…
Thoracolumbar Osteotomy for Cervical Deformity It is well known that corrective surgeries for thoracolumbar deformity influence cervical spine alignment. 1,2,3,4 In response to spinal malalignment, the human body uses compensatory…
Adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery has a greater potential for complications than most other spinal surgeries. This is in part due to the patient population, which tends to be older…
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a clinical condition that arises secondary to degenerative changes in the cervical spinal column. 1,2 It is characterized by several clinical symptoms and signs on…
