When the diagnostic image is not diagnostic
Figure 4.1 Non-contrast head CT axial image at the level of the basal cisterns demonstrates hyperdensity in the expected location of the basilar artery (arrow). The clinical history and abnormal…
Pitfalls in the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage
Figure 16.1 Axial cranial computed tomography showing diffuse high density collection in the suprasellar cistern extending bilaterally into the Sylvian fissures consistent with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Discussion Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts…
Stroke and patent foramen ovale: the conundrum of closure
Figure 10.1 Acute brain magnetic resonance imaging diffusion-weighted (a) and apparent diffusion coefficient map (b) images showing evidence of acute ischemic lesions in right frontal cortex and para-ventricular white matter…
Transient ischemic attacks and stroke mimics and chameleons
Figure 1.1 Brain CT scan showing an old infarct in the left middle cerebral artery territory. As he was leaving the CT-scan room, he had brief involuntary movements of the…
Moyamoya disease and other non-atherosclerotic cerebral vasculopathies
Figure 14.1 (a) Cerebral MRI showing a recent right cortical infarct on diffusion-weighted images (upper image) and old ischemic lesions in watershed areas on FLAIR MRI (bottom image). (b) Initial…
Choosing the right patients for carotid artery procedural interventions
Figure 9.1 Axial MRI brain with evidence of multiple left hemispheric infarcts (arrows) on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Discussion This case highlights the critical importance of a detailed history and physical…
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) – an underrecognized and undertreated disorder
Figure 3.1 Unenhanced CT show signs of acute stroke of the left MCA territory. (a) Hyperdense left MCA sign, in which high attenuation thrombus is seen extending from the left…
Recognizing cerebrovascular etiologies of “thunderclap†headaches
Figure 12.1 Schematic diagram of the investigation of thunderclap headache. CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MRA, magnetic resonance angiography; MRV, magnetic resonance venography; TCD, transcranial Doppler; DSA, digital…
Recognizing transient ischemic attacks in children and young adults
Figure 2.1 Flow voids in the basal ganglia are demonstrated bilaterally on axial T1 MRI (see arrows). This is representative of hypertrophy of the basal ganglia perforator arteries. Figure 2.2…
Choosing appropriate patients for anticoagulation
Figure 5.1 Axial diffusion-weighted (right) and apparent diffusion coefficient (left) images show evidence of restricted diffusion in the right MCA distribution consistent with an acute cerebral infarction. Discussion Prosthetic heart…
