Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Fig. 19.1 (a) Colon NEC with a Ki-67 index of 30 %. (b) Colon NEC with a Ki-67 index of 90 % NEC encompasses mainly two histological entities: small-cell neuroendocrine…
Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung
Fig. 10.1 Bronchoscopic visualization of intrabronchial typical carcinoid 10.3.2.2 Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry Typical carcinoids are characterized by organoid, trabecular, insular, palisading, ribbon, or rosette-like growth patterns separated by a fibrovascular…
Pathological Evaluation and Classification of Digestive Neuroendocrine Tumours
1 Neuroendocrine tumour, NET G1 (carcinoid) 2 Neuroendocrine tumour, NET G2 3 Neuroendocrine carcinoma, NEC (small- or large-cell type) 4 Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma, MANEC 5 Hyperplastic and preneoplastic lesions Adapted…
Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Syndrome Gene HNPGL sPGL PCC Multiple PGL Bilateral PCC Malignancy risk Parentof origin preference MEN2 RET Extremely rare − ++ − ++ ± − VHL VHL Rare + ++ +…
Thyroid Cancer
Tumors Frequency % 10-year survival (%) Papillary carcinoma 80 93 Classic papillary Follicular variant Macrofollicular variant Oncocytic variant Clear cell variant Diffuse sclerosing variant Solid variant Cribriform carcinoma Papillary carcinoma…
Circulating Biomarkers in Neuroendocrine Tumours
Biomarkers Specificity CgA, CgB, pancreastatin H PP, NSE, neurokinin, neurotensin I HCG-α, HCG-β L The chromogranin family and pancreatic polypeptide, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and alpha HCG constitute general markers for…
Gastrinoma
Inappropriate hypergastrinemia – gastric pH <2 Gastrinoma/Zollinger-Ellison syndrome Helicobacter pylori antral predominate Retained gastric antrum Gastric outlet obstruction Short bowel syndrome Appropriate hypergastrinemia – associated with hypochlorhydria Pernicious anemia Chronic…
Somatostatinoma
Fig. 16.1 (a, b) Microscopic appearances of ampullary somatostatinoma. Haematoxylin and eosin staining (left) and strongly positive immunostaining with somatostatin (right) (ANNALS IMAGE) Psammoma bodies (round collections of calcium that…
Epidemiology of Neuroendocrine Tumors
Location Within NETs (%) Within GEP-NETs Incidence SEER (/100,000) Incidence (% of primary site) 5-year OS (%) GEP-NETs 67 5.25 <2 75–82 Gastric 9–20 0.3 1 45–64 Small intestine 39–42…
Liver-Directed Therapies in Neuroendocrine Tumors
Fig. 26.1 A 45-year-old man with small bowel neuroendocrine tumor, with left hepatectomy for liver metastasis. (a) Axial CT scan (arterial phase) shows new metastatic liver lesion in the remnant…
