, Nima Etminan1 and Daniel Hänggi1, 2 (1) Neurochirurgische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany (2) Medical Art Christine Opfermann-Rüngeler, Zentrum für Anatomie Heinrich Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany 3.1 Guidelines for the…
Fig. 4.1 Measurements of site of brain atrophy on computed tomography. (a) maximum distance between the tips of anterior horns; (b) width between bilateral head of caudate nuclei; (c) maximum…
Fig. 3.1 Meanders: a model for arterial remodelling. This photo of a Canadian Arctic river, taken from a float plane on the way to a canoe trip, shows that sand…
Fig. 6.1 Hypertensive artery remodeling. This figure depicts the effects of hypertension on cerebral artery structure, a normotensive artery is shown in the left, and two forms of hypertensive artery…
Fig. 5.1 Schematic representation of the renin–angiotensin pathway. Angiotensinogen (AGT) cleaved by renin to produce angiotensin I, which is converted to angiotensin II through ACE. Ang II binds to AT1R…
Fig. 8.1 Schematic illustration of selected endothelium-dependent effects that are present under normal conditions. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) produces NO under basal conditions, and in response to a variety of…
Fig. 7.1 Anatomy of the cerebral blood supply. (a) Circle of Willis. (b) The arterial supply of the deep white matter arises from branches of the ACA and the MCA….
Fig. 1.1 Flow of potential reviews through the screening process 5.2.2 Quality of Included Reviews The overall quality of the five reviews was moderate (Table 1.1). All five reviews specified…
Fig. 10.1 Summary of sex differences in neural regions of cardiovascular regulation. SFO projections stimulate sympathoexcitatory PVN projections to the IML, as well as indirect projections (dashed line) via the…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016Hélène Girouard (ed.)Hypertension and the Brain as an End-Organ Target10.1007/978-3-319-25616-0_2 2. Hypertension and Age-Related Cognitive Decline Laurence Desjardins-Crépeau1, 2 and Louis Bherer1, 3 (1) Centre de Recherche de l’Institut Universitaire de…
