Pineal Region Tumors 1% of all intracranial tumors; wide variety of cell types. General Considerations Symptoms Mechanisms of symptoms: (a) increased intracranial pressure from hydrocephalus; (b) direct compression of brainstem,…
Tumors of the Meninges General Considerations Meningiomas originate in arachnoid coverings of brain; 90% intracranial, 10% spinal. Comprise 20% of all intracranial tumors. M:F ratio 1:2. Peak age: 50 to…
Tumors of the Skull and Cranial Nerves Benign Tumors Osteoma Benign growth of mature dense cortical bone in paranasal sinuses, cranial vault, mandible, mastoid sinuses. Associated with Gardner syndrome (autosomal-dominant…
General Considerations Epidemiology Incidence of symptomatic brain tumors: 12/100,000 population. Approximately 35,000 new patients diagnosed each year in the U.S. Incidence by age: small peak before age 10 years; gradual…
Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome Definition: serum osmolality >350 mOsm/kg; plasma glucose content >600 mg/dL; depressed consciousness without ketosis. Comprises 10% to 20% of all cases of severe hyperglycemia. Most common in…
Superficial Siderosis of the CNS Deposition of hemosiderin on pial surfaces of brain and spinal cord. Evolves for years; caused by chronic, intermittent, or persistent oozing of blood into CSF.
Disorders of Intracranial Pressure Brain Edema Definition Increased brain volume due to increase in water and sodium content. Major Types of Brain Edema Features of three major forms of cerebral…
Hydrocephalus Definition Increased CSF volume and dilation of cerebral ventricles. Classification Obstructive Hydrocephalus Due to obstruction of CSF flow out of cerebral ventricles. Sometimes termed “non-communicating” hydrocephalus (CSF does not…
