▪ Elimination Disorders: Enuresis and Encopresis BACKGROUND In Western countries, toilet training is a process that is typically completed in toddlerhood. In the United States, this typically starts between the…
▪ Somatoform Disorders The somatoform disorders present important challenges in relation to medical and psychiatric systems of care. The child or adolescent may present with dramatic or painful somatic symptoms…
▪ Sleep and Sleep Disorders BACKGROUND There have been major advances in understanding sleep and sleep problems in both children and adults over the past several decades. This began with…
▪ Substance Abuse Disorders Use and abuse of alcohol and narcotics have occurred throughout history. Indeed, until recently their use to alleviate pain was one of the few effective medical…
▪ Eating and Feeding Disorders Issues with eating and growth can arise throughout life, although given the rapid pace of development, they are often particularly important when they occur in…
▪ Tic Disorders BACKGROUND Tics are sudden, repetitive movements that typically are brief but occur in bouts. They may be quite mild or very severe. They can take the form…
▪ Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder The experience of anxiety is a universal experience and has both psychological and physiological components. Anxiety is characterized by a variety of terms that…
▪ Mood Disorders Background Information Childhood mood disorders have the potential for severely impacting development. Although described in adults (as melancholia and mania) since antiquity, the recognition of mood disorders…
▪ Childhood Schizophrenia and Childhood Psychosis Interest in psychotic disorders in childhood is a relatively recent historical phenomenon. As commonly used, the term psychotic can itself be problematic given the…
▪ Oppositional Defiant and Conduct Disorders For developing children, the ability to learn to postpone gratification and to modulate aggressive impulses are important development tasks. This effort is fostered by…
