Introduction Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare clinical condition presenting most commonly with acute headache as well as vomiting, visual impairment, ophthalmoplegia, altered mental state, and potentially panhypopituitarism. Occasionally it…
Introduction The empty sella turcica was first described in 1949 as a condition where the sella turcica is only partially filled by the pituitary gland, which appears flattened against the…
Introduction Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a rare, usually monophasic, immunologically mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with characteristic polyfocal involvement of the neuroaxis on imaging. It…
Background Hemangioblastoma is a vascular tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). It most commonly occurs within or on the surface of the cerebellum and represents the most common primary…
Introduction Due to the wide array of available accepted therapies, as well as the increasing number of experimental treatments undergoing clinical trials for the management of glial neoplasms, the task…
Introduction Rathke cleft cysts are cystic sellar and suprasellar lesions arising from remnants of the embryonic Rathke pouch, a structure of ectodermal origin that folds superiorly from the pharynx during…
Introduction Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) without apparent inciting etiology. Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is also a commonly accepted term describing the same disorder….
Introduction Intracranial hypotension is a clinical manifestation of low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume or pressure caused by a dural CSF leak. It is usually precipitated by dural injury from an…
Introduction Central nervous system–immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (CNS-IRIS) represents a diverse group of disorders, all of which are characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response to either a dead or dying…
Introduction Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) refers to a potentially reversible neurotoxic state occurring in association with vasogenic cerebral edema. Although the reported age range varies between 4 and 90…
