Abstract Researchers and companies developing new concepts in neuromodulation will, at some point, find themselves navigating the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory programs, whether during the conduct of…
Abstract The use of electricity for therapeutic purposes was first used almost 2000 years ago. Today, based on advancements in both electrophysiology and electromagnetic theory, numerous electromagnetic-based techniques and technologies…
Abstract Clinical trials in noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS), such as transcranial electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, have been conducted over the past 15 years to evaluate their potential therapeutic…
Abstract Muscle and fat cells, unlike nerve and immune cells, require insulin for the efficient uptake of circulating glucose. Prolonged inflammation and the expression of key cytokines have the effect…
Abstract While the evidence for many applications of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is preliminary, new noninvasive VNS devices have recently been developed and represent significant advancements in VNS therapy. A…
Abstract Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cause significant morbidity and mortality despite significant advances in treatment. A large body of preclinical work has shown that vagus nerve…
Abstract Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is a severely debilitating, chronic disorder characterized by pain perceived to arise from the bladder, exacerbated by bladder filling, and associated with urinary urgency…
Abstract While restoration of inspiratory muscle function to restore breathing in ventilator-dependent spinal cord injured (SCI) subjects is an important clinical modality, restoration of expiratory muscle function may be even…
Abstract The “inflammatory reflex” is an important neural-immune mechanism that can be activated by electrical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) to drive pleiotropic antiinflammatory effects in the periphery. It has therefore…
Abstract The urogenital system has two major subdivisions: (1) the urinary tract, which is responsible for the production, storage, and elimination of urine, and (2) the genital tract, which is…
