Fig. 28.1 Histological analysis of perineural invasion of HNSCC. Perineural (a) and intraneural invasions (b) by squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (H&E staining). White dotted lines indicate the…
Agent Therapeutic target(s)/mechanism of action Use(s) in cancer treatment Common neurologic toxicities (≥10% of patients) Rare neurologic toxicities (<10%) Monoclonal antibodies Bevacizumab VEGF-A Metastatic colorectal cancer, nonsquamous NSCLC, platinum-resistant ovarian…
Fig. 31.1 MRI lumbar spine T1 post-contrast sagittal image showing leptomeningeal enhancement of the cauda equina and lumbosacral nerve roots in a 74-year-old man with a transformed follicular lymphoma, presenting with…
Fig. 11.1 Obstructive hydrocephalus due to an intraventricular mass. Contrast-enhanced sagittal (a) and axial (b) T1-weighted images showing an enhancing lesion (arrows) occluding the outflow of the fourth ventricle. The patient…
Type of cancer % Breast cancer Lung carcinoma Melanoma Gastrointestinal tract cancer Adenocarcinoma of unknown primary 12–34 10–26 17–25 4–14 1–7 Data from References [1–6] Used from Le Rhun E,…
Fig. 25.1 MRI of 79-year-old man with a history of prostate cancer who presented with diplopia. a Coronal, T1 post-contrast image with arrow demonstrating dural lesion in the right anterior temporal…
Derangement EEG findings Benzodiazepine or barbiturate use Diffuse beta activity Hepatic failure Early—slowed alpha rhythm Late—persistent theta or delta activity Triphasic wave pattern—2–4 Hz bilaterally synchronous waves with a triphasic morphology…
Fig. 29.1 Brain MRI reveals hemorrhagic melanoma metastasis in the left frontal, left superior temporal, and right posterior temporal lobes. a, b Gradient echo sequence; c, d T1 post-contrast sequence Fig. 29.2…
Fig. 21.1 A right frontal non-enhancing glioma with increased T2 (left) and FLAIR (right) signal abnormality. It can be difficult to distinguish vasogenic edema from infiltrative tumor in a case such…
Fig. 19.1 Glucocorticoid mechanisms of action. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid (GC) action. GC crosses the cell membrane and binds to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the cytoplasm. GRs are kept in an…
