Category Risk factors Non-modifiable risk factors Age, sex, race/ethnicity, low birth weight, family history of stroke/transient ischemic attack Well-documented and modifiable risk factors Hypertension, smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, carotid…
Patient characteristics Treatment-related factors Cancer-related factors Older age Prolonged immobility Prior history of thrombosis Elevated leukocyte and platelet counts Acute infection Comorbidity Obesity Chemotherapy Hormonal agents Growth factors Antiangiogenic agents…
Fig. 35.1 A backup strategy of real-world evidences to make a better clinical practice guidelines by resolving current problems of randomized controlled trials. RCT randomized controlled trial, CPG clinical practice…
Period measured Optimal time (min) From ED arrival to emergency physician evaluation 10 From ED arrival to CT scan initiation 25 From ED arrival to CT scan interpretation 45 From…
Fig. 12.1 The approach to antithrombotic therapy for acute ischemic stroke patients with non-cardioembolic stroke. * Several guidelines suggest that early anticoagulation is not recommended Fig. 12.2 The approach to…
Fig. 29.1 Coagulation cascade with commonly used anticoagulants and their antidotes. FFP fresh frozen plasma, PCC prothrombin complex concentrates 29.1 Anticoagulant Agents 29.1.1 Warfarin Warfarin, also known as Coumadin, is…
Fig. 28.1 Mechanisms of antiplatelet drugs 28.1 Antiplatelet Therapy of Acute Ischemic Stroke and TIA 28.1.1 Aspirin vs. Placebo In the International Stroke Trial (IST), patients received aspirin 300 mg…
Fig. 7.1 The history of thrombolysis. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism (PROACT) II trial; The Mechanical Embolus Removal in Cerebral Ischemia (MERCI); Interventional Management of Stroke [IMS] III; Local Versus…
Patient care elements Acute stroke team Written care protocols Emergency medical services Emergency department Stroke unit Neurosurgical services Imaging services: brain, cerebral vasculature, cardiac Laboratory services Rehabilitation services Administrative/support elements…
Fig. 2.1 Stroke unit. Interior view of stroke unit (a); exterior (b) and interior (c) view of mobile stroke unit. Reproduced by permission of Business Wire (University of Tennessee Web…
