© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017Michael Y. Wang, Andrew A. Sama and Juan S. Uribe (eds.)Lateral Access Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery10.1007/978-3-319-28320-3_5 5. Workup and Diagnostic Testing William D. LongIII1 , Federico P. Girardi1 and Andrew A. Sama2 (1) Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special…
Author Procedure LOE Control Tormenti et al. [36] X, TLIF III PLF PLF III X, TLIF Isaacs et al. [32] XLIF, L5S1 II – Phillips et al. [37] XLIF, L5S1…
Fig. 11.1 Illustrations of coaxial technique for placing balloon guiding catheter. (a) Bovine-type left common carotid artery origin. (b) The origin of the left common carotid artery is catheterized using…
Fig. 3.1 Early ischemic CT signs. Noncontrast CT images show early ischemic changes, loss of insular ribbon at the right side (a), loss of lentiform nucleus at the left side…
Fig. 10.1 Illustration (a) of FAST, forced arterial suction thrombectomy, in a patient with internal carotid artery terminus occlusion. Photograph (b) shows that the 20 or 50 mL syringe is…
Type of infarct Diagnosis Cerebral infarction If a CT scan performed within 28 days of symptom onset shows an area of low attenuation, no relevant abnormality or an area of…
Fig. 12.1 Schematic illustrations of (a) embolic occlusion and (b) in situ thrombo-occlusion due to intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis Fig. 12.2 A 56-year-old man presenting with NIHSS score of 15. (a)…
Fig. 13.1 Intraoperative photographs showing embolic occlusion of the intracranial arteries. In Case 1, the occluded segment of the MCA is bluish and firm (a–c), whereas in Case 2, the…
Fig. 7.1 Coagulation cascade. The coagulation cascade has two initial pathways that result in fibrin formation: the contact activation pathway (intrinsic pathway) and the tissue factor pathway (extrinsic pathway). Both…
Fig. 4.1 (a) Photograph shows multiple fragmented clots having a typical appearance of red clots retrieved from a patient with acute ischemic stroke. (b) Microscopic view of a retrieved clot…
