Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy and Radiculopathy: Natural History and Clinical Presentation David T. Anderson Jeffrey A. Rihn Todd J. Albert Cervical spondylosis is a common condition that includes a continuum of…
Molecular Biology: Applications to the Cervical Spine Steven Leckie Gwendolyn A. Sowa James D. Kang Cervical intervertebral disk degeneration accounts for approximately 2,000 health care visits per year (1). Disk…
Cervical Degenerative Disk Disease: Overview and Epidemiology Andrew J. Schoenfeld Christopher M. Bono The terms “cervical degenerative disease” or “cervical spondylosis” broadly refer to normal age-related changes that may occur…
Calcification of the Ligamentum Flavum of the Cervical Spine Sueo Nakama Yuichi Hoshino The ligamentum flavum (LF), composed predominantly of yellow elastic fibers, exists in the posterior part of the…
The Incidence and Risk Factors Associated with Destructive Spondyloarthropathy (DSA) Norimitsu Wakao Makoto Yanase Naoki Ishiguro Yukihiro Matsuyama Shiro Imagama Zenya Ito Recent advances in hemodialysis have prolonged the life…
DISH and Related Disorders Theodore A. Belanger Dale E. Rowe BACKGROUND Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), also known as Forestier’s disease, is a bone-forming diathesis characterized by stiffness, osteophytosis, and…
Ankylosing Spondylitis Cheerag D. Upadhyaya Rick C. Sasso Praveen V. Mummaneni Ankylosing spondylitis is a seronegative, systemic, inflammatory rheumatic spondyloarthropathy mainly affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints. Ankylosing spondylitis is…
Subaxial Cervical Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis Takenori Oda Kazuo Yonenobu PATHOGENESIS Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disease characterized by inflammatory changes of the joints, ligaments, and bones in the…
Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Cervical Spine Danny F. Searcy Charles W. Cha Scott D. Boden Charles R. Clark Rheumatoid arthritis in the cervical spine results in anatomic abnormalities as a…
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Upper Cervical Spine Dieter Grob Takachika Shimizu In spite of many years of research and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there remains a relative inability to accurately predict…
