Cervical laminectomy and fusion constitute a procedure used in patients with clinical symptoms and radiographic evidence of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), which is a condition caused by repetitive dynamic injury…
Odontoid process fractures are common injuries resulting from a combination of hyperextension and axial rotation. Anderson and D’Alonzo type II fractures are the most common type of injury and occur…
The high anterior retropharyngeal approach provides an alternative to the more widely used transoral approach. In straightforward cases involving midline extradural lesions oriented to the level of the arch of…
A myriad of pathology may affect the lower cervical and upper thoracic spine, including both primary and metastatic tumors, as well as trauma blunt force and penetrating trauma. The standard…
The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is an often-overlooked source of low back pain that can radiate to the buttock, groin, or lower extremity. 1, 2, 3 A series of 200 consecutive…
A variety of differing surgical approaches have been proposed and implemented in the treatment of thoracic spine pathology, with the latest advancements geared toward minimally invasive options. 1, 2, 3,…
Patient Selection 28.1.1 Indications The lateral extracavitary approach provides the greatest extent of circumferential spinal cord exposure possible using a posterior approach. This is accomplished by way of a midline incision;…
Spinal vascular malformations (SVMs), including arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), are complex and challenging to treat. Advances in microsurgery, endovascular techniques, and neuroimaging have enhanced our ability to…
Posterior cervical foraminotomy, with or without diskectomy, is a well described and minimally incisional procedure that is effective for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy owing to foraminal stenosis or a…
Degenerative disease of the cervical spine can cause compression of neural elements through disk herniation, ligament and facet joint hypertrophy, and the formation of vertebral body end plate osteophytes. A…
