Mediastinitis Thomas Day Hyun Bae EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETIOLOGY Esophageal perforation is one of the most severe injuries of the digestive tract and is considered a true medical emergency. When a…

Horner’s Syndrome: Incidence, Etiology, Treatment Options, and Outcomes Cliff Tribus Perhaps because of its famous eponym or because it has no real treatment, the triad of ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis,…

Pathologies that Mimic Cervical Problems Chintan S. Sampat Louis G. Jenis Pathologies originating from the cervical spine may result in a variety of symptoms presenting as pain or motor or…

When to Do Ventral versus Dorsal Decompression and Fusion in the Cervical Spine for Trauma Conor Regan Moe R. Lim Trauma to the cervical spine can result in a large…

Controversies in Cervical Bone Grafting Patrick W. Suen Long-standing controversies in cervical bone grafting revolve around the use of autograft or allograft for fusion. Patient factors, the number of levels…

Cervical Spine Imaging in Trauma Ishaq Y. Syed Mir Haroon Ali Ahmad N. Nassr Joon Y. Lee More than 13 million victims of blunt trauma are treated in emergency departments…

Unilateral Facet Dislocation: Surgery versus Nonoperative Treatment Steven S. Lee Unilateral cervical facet dislocations are relatively uncommon injuries affecting the subaxial spine. The injury occurs through a combination of flexion…

Tandem Stenosis: Fix the Cervical Spine or Lumbar Spine First? Shay Bess BACKGROUND DATA Tandem spinal stenosis (TSS) is defined as concomitant stenosis in the cervical and lumbar spine. However,…

Central Cord Syndrome: Acute Decompression versus Watch and Wait Kasra Rowshan Nitin N. Bhatia Central cord syndrome (CCS) is an incomplete cervical spinal cord injury, characterized by a greater loss…

Cervical Stenosis—Asymptomatic with Intrinsic Cord Change— Decompress or Watch? Andelle L. Teng Cervical spondylosis is the descriptive term for degenerative changes of the cervical spine. A combination of these progressive…