Klippel-Feil Syndrome Peter D. Pizzutillo Martin J. Herman HISTORICAL BACKGROUND In 1912, Klippel and Feil published the clinical and anatomic description of L. Joseph, a 46-year-old tailor with a history…

Evaluation of the Cervical Spine in Children David B. Horn John P. Dormans Evaluation of the cervical spine in infants, children, and adolescents poses unique challenges to the practitioner. A…

Clearing the Cervical Spine Ronald W. Lindsey Zbigniew Gugala Clearing the cervical spine is among the highest priorities in the early assessment of trauma patients in emergency centers. Annually, more…

Cervical Spine: Plain Radiography Philip A. Meinhardt Alden R. Milam Bruce V. Darden II Plain radiography has long been the primary means of imaging the cervical spine. This method is…

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Christopher G. Ullrich Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is based on the physical phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Physicists Edward…

Catheter Angiography of the Cervical Spine and Spinal Cord Christopher G. Ullrich Katsuyuki Nakanishi Hironobu Nakamura Catheter angiography of the cervical spine and spinal cord is an infrequently performed neuroradiologic…

Computed Tomography and Myelography of the Cervical Spine Christopher G. Ullrich The first computed tomography (CT) scanner became commercially available in 1972. It was capable of scanning only the head….

Radiation Physics and Safety Glenn R. Rechtine II Brian D. Giordano RADIATION PHYSICS AND SAFETY The use of x-rays has been a mainstay of medical practice since William Roentgen’s discovery…

Diagnostic Cervical Disk Injection Santhosh A. Thomas Seth M. Zeidman There are many causes of neck pain. It is well established that neck pain can be caused by various disorders…

Neurologic and Functional Evaluation Outcomes Assessment Tools in Cervical Spine Surgery Krzysztof B. Siemionow Isador H. Lieberman Outcomes research itself can be thought of as refined and enhanced clinical research,…