75 General Concepts Jaime Gasco and Remi Nader Where is CSF produced? In the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles and roof of the third and fourth ventricles Anywhere else?…

65 Basics H. Francis Farhadi, Wilson Z. Ray, Sean Barber, Jaime Gasco, and Justin M. Brown What are the constituents of a peripheral nerve? Axons, Schwann cells, connective tissue matrix…

62 Pain Daniel Dilorenzo, Jaime Gasco, Remi Nader, and Nader Pouratian 62.1 Introduction When was neuromodulation first used in the treatment of pain? 15 A.D.—before the FDA! Scribonius, the physician…

48 Degenerative Spine Disease Cristian Gragnaniello and Remi Nader 48.1 Cervical Disk Herniation What are common findings in cervical disk herniation?1 1. Signs of radiculopathy 2. Neck pain 3. Cervical…

39 Radiosurgical Techniques Jaime Gasco, Lora Kahn, Hank Chen, Remi Nader, and Jason Sheehan 39.1 Procedure Pearls and Frame Placement What are the basic steps to stereotactic radiation delivery? 1….

44 Skull Base Approaches and Targets Remi Nader and Cristian Gragnaniello 44.1 General Operative Principles What are some of the basic principles of skull base surgery? 1. Removing as much…

67 Lower Extremity H. Francis Farhadi, Wilson Z. Ray, Sean Barber, Jaime Gasco, and Justin M. Brown Which spinal nerve roots form the lumbar plexus? Usually T12-L4 (forming posterior to…

59 Pharmacological Aspects Jaime Gasco and Aristedes Koutrouvelis 59.1 Systemic Effects Name some of the intravenous anesthetics. • Barbiturates: thiopental • Benzodiazepines: midazolam • Etomidate • Ketamine • Propofol •…