22 Spinal/Epidural Analgesic and Pharmacologic Therapy Shiraz Yazdani and Salahadin Abdi 22.1 Introduction Neuraxial drug administration describes a method of delivering pharmacologic therapies directly to and around the spinal cord…
14 Epiduroscopic, Histopathologic, and Microbiological Findings Günter Schütze 14.1 Introduction In pain medicine literature, the histologic (fine tissue) analysis of neuraxial tissue samples, taken from the vicinity of the spinal…
8 Clinical Indications and Considerations for Epiduroscopy Sing-Ong Lee and Billy K. Huh 8.1 Introduction Epiduroscopy allows direct visualization of anatomic structure of epidural space ( Fig. 8.1). By combining…
