Neupsy Key

VESTIBULAR NERVE At the fundus of the internal acoustic meatus, the vestibular part of the vestibulocochlear nerve expands to form the vestibular ganglion before dividing into superior and inferior divisions….

The schematic cross section in the lower part of the illustration shows the location of the principal fiber tracts within the spinal white matter. As indicated by the colors, the…

Olfactory receptor cells may be considered specialized, primitive-type, bipolar neurons. Their nuclei are located at the base of the epithelial layer. Basal stem cells located along the basement membrane differentiate…

TROCHLEAR NERVE The trochlear nerve is slender, and its nucleus of origin is located in the midbrain just caudal to the oculomotor nuclei. The trochlear fibers curve posterolaterally and slightly…

Pontine reticulospinal fibers project to the spinal cord via the medial reticulospinal tract only. This tract traverses the anterior funiculus ipsilaterally and extends along the entire length of the spinal…

DISORDERS Proximal spinal accessory nerve lesions cause weakness of the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles. Damage within the posterior triangle of the neck spares the sternocleidomastoid, resulting in trapezius weakness….

The radicular arteries arise from the lateral spinal arteries, which traverse the intervertebral foramina at each vertebral segment. Regardless of their origin, the many small radicular arteries pass medially to…

TASTE PATHWAYS The chemosensitive cells found in the taste buds of the tongue, epiglottis, and larynx are innervated by three groups of sensory neurons. Sensory Neurons. Taste cells synapse with…