Neupsy Key

INTRODUCTION Despite its complex phenotypic heterogeneity, all cases of Parkinson’s disease (PD) have in common two pathologic hallmarks: degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system and accumulation of the protein α-synuclein…

TREMOR Tremor, of different etiologies, can be a very disabling symptom when becomes refractory to medical treatment. In such circumstances, surgical therapies should be advised. Surgical therapies include stereotactic and…

INTRODUCTION Parkinson disease (PD) is a degenerative and progressive disorder characterized by the degeneration of the nigrostriatal pathway projecting to the striatum. All commonly employed therapies in PD have been…

INTRODUCTION Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disorder, affecting about 2% of individuals over the age of 65. Clinically, PD patients present with the cardinal motor symptoms…

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INTRODUCTION Dystonia is defined as a syndrome with sustained muscle contractions that often result in twisting and repetitive movements and abnormal postures. Lacking a curative therapy, the treatment of dystonia…

Chorea is a hyperkinetic syndrome characterized by brief, abrupt involuntary movements resulting from a continuous flow of random muscle contractions. The pattern of movement may sometimes appear playful, conveying a…

INTRODUCTION The hereditary ataxias comprise a wide spectrum of genetically determined disorders with ataxia as the prominent symptom. In most of these disorders, ataxia is due to degeneration of the…