Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Other Cerebrovascular Syndromes Sara K. Rostanski Fawaz Al-Mufti Claire S. Riley Joshua Z. Willey POSTERIOR REVERSIBLE ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME The posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has…
Neuropsychological Evaluation Yaakov Stern INTRODUCTION Before the availability of high-resolution imaging, neuropsychological evaluation played a role in lesion localization. Currently, neuropsychological testing remains a valuable adjunct to neurologic evaluation, assisting…
Vascular Malformations J. P. Mohr John Pile-Spellman INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with a heterogeneous group of central nervous system (CNS) vascular lesions, including true vascular malformations such as arteriovenous malformations…
Cerebral Venous and Sinus Thrombosis Natalie Organek Jennifer A. Frontera INTRODUCTION Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is thrombosis of the venous channels that drain blood from the brain (Fig. 40.1). Often,…
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Stephan A. Mayer Gary L. Bernardini Robert A. Solomon INTRODUCTION Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) accounts for 5% of all strokes; it affects nearly 30,000 people each year in the…
Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stephan A. Mayer Fred Rincon J. P. Mohr INTRODUCTION Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is defined as the acute spontaneous bleeding into the brain parenchyma (Fig. 38.1). Primary ICH results…
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Alexandra S. Reynolds Sachin Agarwal INTRODUCTION Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a term used to describe cerebral dysfunction after a global insult to the brain. Mechanisms of such damage…
Acute Ischemic Stroke Charles C. Esenwa Barry M. Czeisler Stephan A. Mayer INTRODUCTION Ischemic stroke is defined as an episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by vascular stenosis or occlusion leading…
Transient Ischemic Attack Randolph S. Marshall INTRODUCTION Transient ischemic attack (TIA) describes neurologic symptoms of ischemic origin that last less than 24 hours. In fact, most attacks last only a…
Intracranial Pressure and Neurocritical Care Monitoring Charles L. Francoeur Stephan A. Mayer INTRODUCTION Monitoring plays a fundamental role in the daily practice of neurocritical care. Bedside neuromonitoring supplements clinical evaluation…
