Fig. 2.1 CSF spaces and site of CSF production, circulation, and elimination (http://ihrfoundation.org/images/uploads/schematic_lg.gif) The CSF space is regarded as one of the four compartments within the central nervous system (CNS)…
Intracellular antigen Associated tumor Clinical symptoms Hu (ANNA1) SCLC Encephalomyelitis, PCD, LE, brainstem encephalitis Ri (ANNA2) Breast, SCLC Brainstem encephalitis, opsoclonus myoclonus Yo (PCA1) Ovary, breast PCD CV2 (CRMP5) SCLC,…
Main topic of guideline Reference Routine CSF analysis Deisenhammer et al. (2006) Examination of infectious CSF Qualitative IgG assessment in CSF Freedman et al. (2005) CSF collection and biobanking Teunissen…
Fig. 22.1 CT-negative SAH. Left side MRI (FLAIR): hyperintense signal clearly visible; right side CT scan: no sign for SAH 22.2 Laboratory Diagnostic Methods There are several widely used CSF…
Fig. 23.1 CT scans showing defects in anterior skull base with encephalocoeles, arrows pointing towards the bony defects (Courtesy Dr. S. Mathur, Royal Preston Hospital) To rule out high intracranial…
Fig. 1.1 Bottom of the second column of the Edwin Smith Papyrus. The hieroglyphs in blue circles refer to watery fluid in context with the surface of the brain (Courtesy…
Fig. 20.1 Cartoon of CSF biomarkers and their relation to physiological and pathogenic processes. Aβ amyloid β, BACE1 β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, sAPP soluble amyloid precursor protein Fig. 20.2…
Parameter Range CSF glucose 2.7–4.2 (mmol/L) Blood glucose 3.3–5.5 (mmol/L) Glucose CSF/blood ratio 0.61–0.89 (Cave: CSF/serum ratio may be lower than 0.5 if serum glucose concentration is >100 mg/dL) (see…
Fig. 10.1 Schematic representation of the basic structure of immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins are composed of two heavy chains, each consisting of one variable (V H , red) and three constant (C…
Fig. 19.1 Major syndromes of chronic demyelinating polyneuropathies 19.1 Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) CIDP is a rare disease: its prevalence is 0.5–1/100,000 in childhood and 1–2/100,000 in adult populations….
