Diagnosis and Management of Adrenocortical Carcinomas
Stage Macfarlane [43] Lee et al. [45] I T1 (<5 cm) N0M0 T1 (<5 cm) N0M0 II T2 (>5 cm) N0M0 T2 (>5 cm) N0M0 III T3 (local invasion without…
Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
ENETS TNM UICC/AJCC/WHO 2010 TNM T classification Limited to the pancreas, <2 cm Limited to the pancreas, ≤2 cm in greatest dimension Limited to the pancreas, 2–4 cm Limited to…
Less Common Types of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Name Biologically active peptide(s) secreted Incidence Tumor location Malignant % Associated with MEN-1, % Main symptoms/signs ACTHoma ACTH Rare Pancreas >95 Rare Cushing’s syndrome (100 %) CRHoma, Corticotropin-releasing hormone Rare…
Insulinoma
12.3.1 Reactive “Functional Hypoglycemia” Reactive “functional hypoglycemia” is a controversial entity, and it is now known that many organic disorders may result both in fasting and/or reactive hypoglycemia. Many patients…
Nuclear Medicine Imaging in Neuroendocrine Tumors
Name SST1 SST2 SST3 SST4 SST5 Ga-DOTATATE >10,000 0.2 ± 0.04 >10,000 300 ± 140 377 ± 18 Ga-DOTATOC >10,000 2.5 ± 0.5 613 ± 140 >1,000 73 ± 21 Ga-DOTANOC >10,000 1.9 ± 0.4 40 ± 5.8 260 ± 74 7.2 ± 1.6 Data from Refs. [15, 16] SST…
Introduction to Neuroendocrine Tumours
Mitosis index Ki-67 index (%) ENETS/WHO definition <2 <3 NET Grade I 2–20 3–20 NET Grade II >20 >20 NEC (small cell or large cell) Grade III Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma…
VIPoma and PPoma
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015Suayib Yalcin and Kjell Öberg (eds.)Neuroendocrine Tumours10.1007/978-3-662-45215-8_14 14. VIPoma and PPoma Christian Rolfo1, Giuseppe Bronte2, Leonor Leider3, Patrick Pauwels4, Konstantinos Papadimitriou1, Antonio Russo2 and Marc Peeters1 (1) Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center of Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University…
History of Neuroendocrine Tumors
19. Sakura A (1988) Paul Langerhans (1847–1888): a centenary tribute. J R Soc Med 81:414–415 20. Heidenhain R (1870) Untersuchungen uber den Bau der Labdrusen. Arch Mikr Anat 6:368CrossRef 21….
Molecular Biology of Neuroendocrine Tumors
Fig. 4.1 In NETs, the study of inherited syndromes allowed the identification of the common deregulation of genes involved in the mTOR pathway in these tumors. As a master regulator…
Genetic Syndromes Associated with Neuroendocrine Tumours
Name Neuroendocrine tumor (NET) (frequency) MEN-1 syndrome (MEN-1) (MIM 131100) Pituitary adenoma (5–65 %) (Wermer’s syndrome) Pancreatic NET (80–100 %) Thymic NET (mostly ♂), (<10 %) Lung NET (20–25 %)…
