Temozolamide (Temodar)
Fig. 17.1 Pseudoprogression. A 32-year-old male with right thalamic glioblastoma treated with surgical debulking followed by temozolamide (TMZ) and radiation (XRT). Serial axial FLAIR (a, c, e, g) and T1…
Valproic Acid (Sodium Valproate, Depakote)
Fig. 28.1 Trigonocephaly. Axial (a) and 3D volume-rendered (b) CT images show prominence of the fused metopic suture (arrows) Fig. 28.2 Cleft palate. Axial (a) and coronal (b) CT images…
Triple H Therapy
Fig. 39.1 Triple H-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Axial CT image (a) shows scattered subarachnoid hemorrhage. Follow-up MRI (b–d) shows bilateral posterior cerebral hemisphere cortical and subcortical vasogenic edema 39.4…
Thorium Dioxide (Thorotrast)
Fig. 15.1 Thorotrastoma. The patient is an 82-year-old female with right vocal cord paralysis and a history of Thorotrast extravasation during an angiogram performed in the 1950s. Axial (a, b),…
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Fig. 25.1 Metronidazole-induced encephalopathy. FLAIR MR images (a–c) at the time of presentation show bilateral symmetric high signal within the dentate nuclei, red nuclei, cerebral peduncles, corpus callosum, and periventricular…
Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA)
Fig. 34.1 Parenchymal hemorrhage after tPA. Middle-aged female presenting with acute complete occlusion of the left M1 segment seen on MRA (a). After tPA infusion, the patient developed a large…
Betel Nuts
Fig. 8.1 Betel nut-induced oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Axial (a) and coronal (b) contrast-enhanced CT images show an enhancing mass in the right oral tongue (arrows) Fig. 8.2 Inflammatory…
5-Fluorouracil
Fig. 20.1 5-FU-induced leukoencephalopathy. The patient presented with acute mental status changes during the course of therapy. Axial (a–c) and coronal (d) FLAIR MR images show extensive bilateral symmetric confluent…