The Magnitude of the Problem
A → The presence of one or more of the following applies: i. The patient complains of sleepiness, nonrestorative sleep, fatigue, or insomnia symptoms. ii. The patient wakes with breath holding, gasping,…
of Sleep Position on the Transition of Mild to Moderate and Severe OSA
Fig. 1 POSA percentages with results from Mador et al. [7] and unpublished data Sint Lucas Andreas Ziekenhuis (SLAZ) Various Theories Different studies support the statement that patients with POSA…
Introduction
Fig. 1 Percentage of the total sleeping time (TST) spent in supine position and an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of a patient with mild OSA Figure 1 depicts a very archetypal…
a Clinical Classification System for Position-Dependent Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Fig. 1 Flowchart for the APOC. The red boxes show the best possible outcome for these patients with successful positional therapy (PT). AHI apnea-hypopnea index, APOC Amsterdam positional OSA Classification,…
of Sleep Position on Snoring
Characteristics Mean ± SD Age 43.0 ± 13.04 BMI 27.18 ± 5.26 Neck circumference (cm) 37.64 ± 3.05 AHI 2.13 ± 1.44 Sleep efficiency (%) 87.90 ± 10.01 Total sleep time (min) 440.29 ± 3.79 SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, AHI apnea-hypopnea…
Alcohol and Sleep Homeostasis
Fig. 1 Orexin neurons expresses adenosine A1 receptors as evident by double labelled fluorescence. Panel a Orexin-A containing neurons in the perifornical region (green fluorescence). Panel b Same visual field and…
New Class of Hypnotic Compounds for the Treatment of Insomnia: The Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists
Fig. 1 Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA A ) modulators (eszopiclone and zolpidem) dose-responsively alter electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral frequency of sleep/wake states in inactive-phase dosing, whereas DORA-22 produces sleep more akin to…
Roles of Orexin Receptors on Sleep/Wakefulness Regulation
Fig. 1 Sleep state abnormalities in orexin receptor knockout mice. Representative 12-h dark-period (20:00–08:00) hypnograms for wild-type (WT), OX1R −/−, OX2R −/−, and OX1R −/−; OX2R −/− mice, all with a…
Narcolepsy or Hypersomnia, with and Without Orexin (Hypocretin) Deficiency
, A. Imanishi1, Y. Ohmori1, Y. Sagawa1, Y. Takahashi1 , M. Omokawa1, M. Sato1, Y. Hishikawa1, T. Shimizu1, 2 and S. Nishino3 (1) Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan (2) International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine…
of Orexin on Sleep: Interactions with Other Neurotransmitter Systems
Neurotransmitter/neuromodulator Location of the soma Neuronal pattern of discharge Wakefulness promoting Orexin Postero-lateral hypothalamus Wake-on Acetylcholine LDT-PPT and BFB Wake/REM-on Serotonin DRN and MRN Wake-on Noradrenaline Locus coeruleus Wake-on Dopamine…
