Neonatal Seizures The variable terminology used in the literature when neonatal paroxysmal events (e.g., convulsions, seizures, epileptic seizures, nonepileptic seizures, muscular twitching, and motor automatisms) are discussed reflects the difficulty…
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome and Syndrome of Continuous Spike-Waves of Slow Sleep SYNDROME OF EPILEPTIC APHASIA WITH SEIZURE DISORDER Since Landau and Kleffner (1957) described six children who developed aphasia after apparently…
Epilepsies with Tonic-Clonic Seizures Generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCSs), also known as grand mal seizures, represent the prototypical epileptic seizures. However, GTCSs do not constitute a homogeneous group, and they occur…
Epilepsies with Typical Absence Seizures Absences are generalized nonconvulsive epileptic seizures; in other words, they are seizures without local onset, expressed predominantly by disturbances of consciousness, with no or relatively…
Myoclonic Epilepsies Associated with Progressive Degenerative Disorders: Progressive Myoclonic Epilepsies The progressive myoclonic epilepsies (PMEs) have received considerable attention in the neurologic literature (Genton et al, 2000; Roger et al.,…
Epilepsies with Predominantly Myoclonic Seizures Myoclonic seizures are a common feature of many types of epilepsy at all ages, and they are, therefore, a nonspecific manifestation. Epilepsies characterized by “true”…
Dravet Syndrome: Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy or Severe Polymorphic Epilepsy of Infants Severe myoclonic epilepsy (SME) initially was mistakenly considered a form of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome because of the occurrence of…
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome The definition of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) remains debated. The syndrome was originally described in 1966 by H. Gastaut, who proposed the use of the term Lennox syndrome…
Infantile Spasms and Related Syndromes Infantile spasms (ISs) are a unique form of seizure disorder, the occurrence of which is limited almost entirely to infants during the first year of…
Classification of Epileptic Seizures and Epilepsies The need for a comprehensive classification of epileptic phenomena has been increasingly recognized. According to Masland (1974), “the development of a uniform and generally…
