Hereditary and Acquired Spastic Paraplegia Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Multiple inherited syndromes with prominent progressive leg weakness and spasticity. Complicated forms accompanied by additional clinical findings (Table 118.1). Genetics Genetically heterogeneous….
Tardive Dyskinesia and Other Neuroleptic-Induced Syndromes Adverse effects of drugs blocking D2 dopamine receptors (Table 117.1), especially antipsychotic agents (phenothiazines, butyrophenones); metoclopramide, flunarizine, cinnarizine. Likelihood of these adverse effects for…
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Symptoms and Signs Usually present: pseudobulbar palsy (emotional lability), supranuclear ocular palsy (vertical gaze), square-wave jerks, extrapyramidal rigidity, gait ataxia, loss of postural reflexes, dementia. Early: falls….
Parkinsonism Characterized by any combination of: tremor at rest, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowing of movements), hypokinesia (less frequent spontaneous movements), flexed posture, loss of postural reflexes, “freezing” (motor block). Categories: idiopathic,…
Essential Tremor Chronic, progressive neurologic condition; 4 to 12 Hz tremor may involve arms, neck, voice, chin. Tremor primarily with movement (kinetic) or sustained posture. Rarely present at rest, in…
Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome Most common cause of tics. Diagnostic criteria: multiple motor and phonic tics; change in character over time; onset before age 21 years; symptoms wax and…
Sydenham and Other Forms of Chorea Most common causes of chorea: Tables 110.1, 110.2. Table 110.1 Common Causes of Chorea Hereditary Huntington disease Huntington disease-like syndromes (HDL1, HDL2, HDL3) Hereditary…
Huntington Disease Progressive; autosomal dominant; usually adult onset; with movement disorder (usually chorea), personality disorder, dementia. Pathology: generalized brain atrophy; striatum (caudate nucleus, putamen) most affected. Biochemistry: loss of striatal…
