Nervous System Formation and Malformation Gary D. Clark INTRODUCTION Induced by underlying mesodermal structures, such as the notochord, and inhibited by surrounding ectodermal tissue, the nervous system begins as a…
Inborn Errors of Metabolism Marc C. Patterson INTRODUCTION There are hundreds of inborn errors of metabolism, each individually rare, but collectively sufficiently common to constitute a significant public health burden….
Disorders of Motor and Mental Development Toni S. Pearson Reet K. Sidhu INTRODUCTION Infancy and early childhood are marked by rapid brain growth and development. A wide variety of genetic…
Neonatal Neurology Arthur M. Mandel INTRODUCTION Pediatric neurologists treat many children with brain injuries that originate in the perinatal period and cause mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and/or seizures. This chapter…
The Floppy Infant Darryl C. De Vivo Jahannaz Dastgir INTRODUCTION Tone opposes gravity and maintains postural attitude. The term hypotonia refers to a state of low muscle tone. Infants who…
Chromosomal Disorders and Disorders of DNA Marc C. Patterson INTRODUCTION Rearrangements of the human genome, ranging from grossly disordered chromosome number to submicroscopic variations in copy numbers can profoundly affect…
Decompression Illness Christopher Zammit Edward (Mel) J. Otten INTRODUCTION The symptoms of decompression illness (DCI) have been observed in underwater and caisson workers since the early 1800s, when it was…
Electrical and Lightning Injury Christopher Zammit Edward (Mel) J. Otten INTRODUCTION Electrical injuries (EI) and lightning strikes (LS) have been reported to cause a variety of neurologic injuries. Interestingly, although…
Radiation Injury Christopher Zammit Edward (Mel) J. Otten INTRODUCTION The first known description of nervous system injury by radiation was in 1930 by Fischer and Holfelder. Contemporary medicine’s use of…
Neurotoxicology Christopher Zammit INTRODUCTION Xenobiotics are substances within an organism that are not normally found in or produced by that organism. Neurotoxicology refers to the adverse effects of xenobiotics, or…
